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--- caffeine [2026/06/03 22:28] – [caffeine] gary1
+++ caffeine [2026/06/03 22:46] (current) – [clinical effects] gary1
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 =====clinical effects=====
-  *Intake of coffee was associated with an increased risk of nonfatal [[AMI|AMI]] only among individuals with slow caffeine metabolism (odds ratio 2.3 (CI 1.4-3.9) for those aged < 59yrs drinking 4 or more cups of coffee per day). (([[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522833]]))
-  *in a very large UK study over 11 years with avg age 56yrs published in 2021, 0.5-3 cups coffee per day was associated with a 12% reduction in all cause mortality, 17% reduction in mortality from cardiovasc disease, and 21% lower risk of stroke (([[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-light-to-moderate-coffee-health-benefits.html]]))
   *frequent intake results in pharmacologic tolerance to caffeine:
     *heavy intakes of 750-1200mg/day may result in complete tolerance