Differences

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--- dna [2026/09/07 11:47] – [DNA to RNA] gary1
+++ dna [2026/09/22 09:01] (current) – [Mitosis and DNA replication] gary1
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
   *a molecular replication machinery including DNA polymerases then assembles the missing halves of the strands, turning a single DNA helix into two
     * DNA polymerases
+  ***cohesin**
+    * one of the most important proteins involved in cell division found in all eucaryotes
+    * holds together the two copies of each chromosome generated before cell division, ensuring their correct distribution into daughter cells
+    * helps newly replicated DNA adopt the correct three-dimensional organization inside the nucleus - DNA molecules are several metres long when fully extended, yet they must fit inside a microscopic nucleus
+    * protects genetic material during DNA replication, cohesin is rapidly recruited to sites where DNA replication is disrupted and can prevent the activation of another factor, primpol, which can restart DNA replication as an emergency response but may introduce a high number of genetic errors in the process (([[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11034-0|2026: Cohesin reshapes replication fork contacts to aid fork slowing and reversal]]))
   *pathology:
     * at least 40 diseases, including many cancers and rare disorders, have been linked to problems with DNA replication