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--- glymphatic_system [2026/07/22 05:03] – [Introduction] gary1
+++ glymphatic_system [2026/09/10 06:12] (current) – [Introduction] gary1
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   *discovered in 2012, the glymphatic system is a “pseudo-lymphatic” perivascular network distributed throughout the brain, responsible for replenishing as well as cleansing the brain.
   *glymphatic clearance is the macroscopic process of convective fluid transport in which harmful interstitial metabolic waste products are removed from the brain intima
+  *in 2019, Lewis reported a way to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure CSF waves as they flow in and out of the brain during sleep and showed that these waves are tightly coupled with EEG brain waves called slow waves, which are associated with deep sleep, and these stimulate blood vessels to constrict and dilate, allowing them to act as a pump that drives CSF out of the brain. In 2026, she showed that synchronised 50msec microbursts of pink noise (similar to steady rain or a distant waterfall) can increase CSF flows.(([[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aea5469|2026: Closed-loop auditory stimulation in phase with slow waves during sleep enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow in humans]]))
   ***[[sleep]] is a primary driver of glymphatic clearance**
     * there appears to be a 90% reduction in glymphatic clearance during wakefulness, and twice the amount of protein clearance from the brain intima during sleep - and it appears that **the majority of glymphatic clearance activity occurs during N3 sleep which occurs in non-REM deep sleep** and glymphatic transport is most efficient in the right lateral sleeping position, with more CSF clearance occurring compared to supine and prone. (([[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7698404/|2020: The Sleeping Brain: Harnessing the Power of the Glymphatic System through Lifestyle Choices]]))