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--- hypochlorhydria [2026/09/22 10:17] – [Introduction] gary1
+++ hypochlorhydria [2026/09/22 10:18] (current) – [Introduction] gary1
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   *in humans, the normal gastric pH is around 1 to 3, which varies throughout the day.
     * the highest basal secretion levels are in the late evening (around midnight to 3am)
-  * **gastric acid is important in carnivores**(([[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4519257/|2015: The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome]])) in particular as it:
+  * **gastric acid is important in carnivores**(([[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4519257/|2015: The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome]]))(([[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12292906/|2025: Neanderthals, hypercarnivores, and maggots: Insights from stable nitrogen isotopes]])) in particular as it:
     * helps kill microbes in foods and prevent colonization of the intestines by these pathogens (particularly important in animals who are obligate scavengers but also in most carnivores)
       * will not kill microbes with adaptations to survive gastric acid include resistant cell walls, spore-forming capabilities or other traits that confer tolerance to high acidities and rapid changes in pH conditions