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--- innate_immunity [2026/04/29 01:16] – [the inflammatory response] gary1
+++ innate_immunity [2026/04/29 01:17] (current) – [the inflammatory response] gary1
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
         * hyperforin, a natural type A PPAP from St. John’s wort, exhibits antidepressant and antibacterial effects also against Mtb but is too unstable which limits the utility in clinical practice
       * a 2025 study showed that electrical stimulation via a bioreactor can reprogram macrophages - stimulation caused a shift of macrophages into an anti-inflammatory state that supports faster tissue repair; a decrease in inflammatory marker (signalling) activity; an increase in expression of genes that promote the formation of new blood vessels (associated with tissue repair as new tissues form); and an increase in stem cell recruitment into wounds (also associated with tissue repair)(([[https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864(25)00394-7|2025: Electromodulation of human monocyte-derived macrophages drives a regenerative phenotype and impedes inflammation]]))
-      *  a DNA polymerase protein called Polμ, in addition to being important in lymphocyte development, is essential to the wound repair process, as it enables macrophages to survive at the site of inflammation in an environment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which they have produced.(([[https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(26)00159-2|2026: DNA polymerase μ protects macrophages from DNA damage produced during pro-inflammatory activation]]))
+      *  a DNA polymerase protein called Polμ, in addition to being important in lymphocyte development, is essential to the wound repair process, as it enables macrophages to avoid apoptosis induced by ROS at the site of inflammation in an environment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which they have produced.(([[https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(26)00159-2|2026: DNA polymerase μ protects macrophages from DNA damage produced during pro-inflammatory activation]]))
     ***natural killer cells - mainly target intracellular infections**
       * gut metabolite butyric acid restores the function of CX3CR1-positive natural killer cells, a population critical for early immune defense in the lungs - butyric acid activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, increasing CX3CR1 expression and strengthening NK cell cytotoxicity and migratory capacity.(([[https://academic.oup.com/burnstrauma/article/doi/10.1093/burnst/tkaf069/8305723|2026: Gut microbiota metabolite butyric acid alleviated Klebsiella Pneumoniae induced lung injury by regulating CX3CR1+NK via PI3K/AKT pathway]]))