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innate_immunity

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innate_immunity [2026/05/25 08:38] – [the inflammatory response] gary1innate_immunity [2026/06/25 08:53] (current) – [the inflammatory response] gary1
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     * STING responses are crucial for clearing pathogens and in particular, cells with cytosolic DNA (which is usually from pathogens but can be from build up of nuclear DNA-protein crosslinks not removed by the enzyme SPRTN)(([[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx9445|2026: DNA-protein cross-links promote cGAS-STING–driven premature aging and embryonic lethality]]))     * STING responses are crucial for clearing pathogens and in particular, cells with cytosolic DNA (which is usually from pathogens but can be from build up of nuclear DNA-protein crosslinks not removed by the enzyme SPRTN)(([[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx9445|2026: DNA-protein cross-links promote cGAS-STING–driven premature aging and embryonic lethality]]))
     * unrestrained STING activity can cause a variety of auto-immune pathologies     * unrestrained STING activity can cause a variety of auto-immune pathologies
 +    * STING is normally activated by its natural ligand 2′3′-cGAMP
     * STING is "turned off" via endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) that packages STING into small compartments to allow it to be degraded, or broken down, by the lysosome (([[https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112712]]))     * STING is "turned off" via endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) that packages STING into small compartments to allow it to be degraded, or broken down, by the lysosome (([[https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112712]]))
 +    * STING mutations can significantly effect its activity and how it is activated(([[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10685-3|2026: The mutational landscape of STING-induced immunity]]))
     * the STING pathway is also very important in eliminating tumour cells     * the STING pathway is also very important in eliminating tumour cells
       * in 2023, a vaccine designed to be injected into tumours has been developed to restore STING signaling and eliminating the majority of tumors in mouse models of colon cancer and melanoma, with minimal side effects. The vaccine also inhibited metastasis in a breast cancer mouse model and prevented the recurrence of tumors in cured mice. CD8+ T cells, and, seemingly paradoxically, CD4+ T cells play pivotal roles in achieving this anti-tumour immunity. STING signaling polarized the CD4+ T cells into the T helper Type I (TH1) phenotype, a helper T cell that activates other immune cells to attack tumor cells.  Such a vaccine administered systemically could have severe unwanted effects. (([[https://news.mit.edu/2023/putting-sting-cancer-immunotherapy-0512]]))       * in 2023, a vaccine designed to be injected into tumours has been developed to restore STING signaling and eliminating the majority of tumors in mouse models of colon cancer and melanoma, with minimal side effects. The vaccine also inhibited metastasis in a breast cancer mouse model and prevented the recurrence of tumors in cured mice. CD8+ T cells, and, seemingly paradoxically, CD4+ T cells play pivotal roles in achieving this anti-tumour immunity. STING signaling polarized the CD4+ T cells into the T helper Type I (TH1) phenotype, a helper T cell that activates other immune cells to attack tumor cells.  Such a vaccine administered systemically could have severe unwanted effects. (([[https://news.mit.edu/2023/putting-sting-cancer-immunotherapy-0512]]))
innate_immunity.txt · Last modified: 2026/06/25 08:53 by gary1
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