urinary incontinence

see also:

• urinary urgency and urge incontinence
• https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/adult-male-stress-and-urge-urinary-incontinence/

• involuntary loss of control of urine is a common problem and if it is recurrent becomes a major impact on a person's life and socialisation
• urinary continence requires:
  • a functional autonomic bladder sphincter
  • a functional voluntary sphincter
    • this not only relies upon neural inputs but pelvic floor muscle tone and control

• part of the flight or fight sympathetic reaction
• seizures
• urinary urgency and urge incontinence
• urinary stress incontinence
  • post-TURP
  • sphincter injury - pelvic fractures, iatrogenic from surgery, radiation therapy, obstetric injury /mutiple vaginal deliveries
  • vascular disease
  • pelvic floor insufficiency, age, obesity, frailty
• overflow incontinence
• terminal dribbling due to urine trapped below the bladder sphincter eg. post-TURP
• continuous incontinence due to a fistula