OzEMedicine - Wiki for Australian Emergency Medicine Doctors

hantavirus - [Prevention]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Fri, 15 May 2026 20:59:25 +0000

hantavirus see also: * Introduction * Hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by rodents and can cause varied disease syndromes in people worldwide. * Infection with any hantavirus can produce hantavirus disease in people. * Hantaviruses in the Americas are known as

insect bites and stings - [mosquitoes (Culicidae)]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Fri, 15 May 2026 20:27:42 +0000

insect bites and stings see also: * animal bites in Australia * ticks in Australia * centipede bites * bed bugs * human louse / lice * toxinology * anaphylaxis * illness following floods * introduction * biting and stinging insects of medical concern include: * Diptera - mosquitoes, flies and gnats * Hymenoptera - ants, bees and wasps * Phthiraptera - lice

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) / polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) - [Introduction]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Tue, 12 May 2026 17:13:56 +0000

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) / polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) see also: * gynaecology * androgens and androgenic effects * New Australian guidelines for PCOS 2011 Introduction * polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) in 2026 to more accurately reflect that PMOS doesn't just affect fertility, it can lead to a number of metabolic and mental health conditions throughout life

polycythaemia rubra vera - [introduction]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:04:15 +0000

polycythaemia rubra vera see also: * polycythaemia * introduction * myeloproliferative disorder resulting in polycythaemia * ~10 new cases per million population per year * incidences of polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and myelofibrosis were 10x higher among Ashkenazi Jews in northern Israel than in persons of Arabic descent in the region.

essential thrombocytosis - [introduction]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:03:46 +0000

essential thrombocytosis see also: * thrombocytosis * Janus kinase - STAT signalling introduction * a myeloproliferative disorder characterised by a high platelet count of > 600 × 10^3/µL for at least 2 months * incidence ~ 20 new cases per 1 million population per year * mainly effects middle aged and elderly often following a pre-malignant period (

lymphoma - [risk factors]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:02:34 +0000

lymphoma see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours * EBV / glandular fever / infectious mononucleosis * NSW Cancer Institute eviQ cancer therapy EBM website introduction * lymphomas are the 6th most common type of cancer excluding non-melanoma skin cancers with 1 in 39 people developing a NH lymphoma and 1 in 414 people developing Hodgkin's lymphoma by age 85yrs * incidence is rising in Australia (doubled in past 20 yrs)

leukaemia - [acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:01:57 +0000

leukaemia see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours * lymphoma * myeloproliferative disorders * wikipedia Introduction * usually present by causing anaemia, bleeding from thrombocytopenia, or infections or mouth ulcers from impaired immunity from inadequate mature, functional white cells * chronic forms may be detected incidentally on blood films, or by finding

melanoma - [familial factors]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:01:39 +0000

melanoma see also: * skin cancer * neoplasia / cancer / tumours introduction * melanoma is the skin cancer which causes the most deaths as it tends to metastasize early and has proven difficult to treat once it has spread * 90% of melanomas are caused by sporadic damage to the genes which occurs by chance exposure to environmental agents such as UV light

Janus kinase - STAT signalling - [Acquired JAK2 somatic mutations and risk of ...

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 21:00:18 +0000

Janus kinase - STAT signalling see also: * myelofibrosis * myeloproliferative disorders * polycythaemia rubra vera * Janus kinase inhibitors * for more detail: * 2017: The role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and its regulators in the fate of T helper cells Introduction * Type I and II cytokine receptors are a conserved family of transmembrane proteins including the receptors for interleukins, interferons, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, growth hormone, leptin and colony stimulating …

POT1 mutation mediated long telomere syndrome and neoplasia risk - [Risks of neoplasia and ...

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 20:56:37 +0000

POT1 mutation mediated long telomere syndrome and neoplasia risk see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours Introduction * a rare autosomal dominant germline loss-of-function mutations of POT1 (Protection of Telomeres 1) gene which prevents the normal capping and regulation of telomeres and this results in abnormal lengthening of telemores and prevention of normal cell senescence apoptosis.

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) - [Epidemiology]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 20:53:54 +0000

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours * polycythaemia rubra vera * essential thrombocytosis * POT1 mutation mediated long telomere syndrome and neoplasia risk Introduction * Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) is regarded as a pre-malignant state of haematopoietic cells Diagnosis * one or more somatic mutations are detected in genes linked to myeloid malignancies (commonly DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, or JAK2)

sarcomas - [Risk factors]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 20:14:09 +0000

sarcomas see also: * neoplasia / cancer / tumours Introduction Risk factors * 16-23% of patients with angiosarcoma have POT1 mutation - this is also associated with lymphomas, melanomas, leukaemia

lymphocytosis - [aetiology]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 19:36:35 +0000

lymphocytosis see also: * full blood examination (FBE) * neutrophilia * monocytosis * lymphopenia * lymphadenopathy introduction * the finding of a raised WCC due to lymphocytosis rather than neutrophilia is generally a reassuring find which suggests viral infection rather than bacterial infections although it is a typical finding in

polycythaemia - [aetiology]

wh@undisclosed.example.com (wh) — Sun, 10 May 2026 19:36:07 +0000

polycythaemia introduction * excessive concentration of RBCs in the peripheral blood * increased RBC mass enlarges the vascular bed, decreases peripheral resistance and increases cardiac output and improves oxygen transport * HOWEVER, an excessively high RBC mass causes high viscosity and this may increase the risk of