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   *they possess intriguing biomimetic properties that include the formation of cell-like and tissue-like morphologies and the possibility to grow, proliferate and propagate by subculture
   *nevertheless, current consensus is that they are NOT living organisms but organic mineral complexes consisting of protein bound to minerals such as calcium carbonate (([[http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080417/full/news.2008.762.html]]))(([[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086546]]))
-  *it is quite possible that they are part of the mechanism for [[calcification]] such as in [[atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]], and [[renal_calculi]]
+  *it is quite possible that they are part of the mechanism for [[calcification]] such as in [[atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]], and [[urolithiasis]]
   *they may be part of a physiological cycle that regulates the function, transport and disposal of elements and minerals in the human body
   *these mineralo-organic nanoparticles form spontaneously in body fluids when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions exceed saturation, although it may be that they develop from **membrane vesicles (MVs)** secreted by various cells.
     *these MVs are 20-400nm in size and contain the serum proteins albumin, fetuin-A, and apolipoprotein A1; the mineralization-associated enzyme alkaline phosphatase; and the exosome proteins TNFR1 and CD63, and have been shown to form nanoparticles when added to cell culture medium and that it may be the presence of calcium-binding lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surface which acts as nucleating sites for calcium phosphate deposition on the vesicles. **This would suggest that secretion of MVs are the cause of the calcification, and not nanoparticles per se** (([[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990473]]))