intractable hiccups
see also:
Introduction
occasional hiccups are usually due transient diaphragmatic irritation
intractable hiccups have a large range of differentials
Aetiology
phrenic nerve irritation
Stomach and gut issues:
severe acid reflux (GERD), stomach ulcers, gastritis, or a swollen stomach.
Brain and nervous system conditions:
stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, or meningitis.
Body chemistry imbalances:
Kidney failure, severe diabetes, or low levels of body salts like calcium or sodium.
Medicines:
Drugs like steroids (dexamethasone), certain chemotherapy drugs, or sedatives