syringomyelia

see also:

• weakness of the lower limb(s) / weak in the knees
• syringobulbia
• https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Syringomyelia-Fact-Sheet

• syringomyelia is a fluid-filled cyst (called a syrinx) forming within the spinal cord
• most cases are associated with congenital Chiari malformation
  • an abnormal condition in which brain tissue extends through foramen magnum and into the spinal canal and obstructs the flow of CSF
  • these cases usually present at age 25-40yrs and may also cause hydrocephalus
• may also be caused by:
  • spinal cord injuries or haemorrhage
  • spinal cord tumours
  • transverse myelitis
  • meningitis
  • arachnoiditis
  • tethered cord syndrome

• slow onset but symptoms may be triggered by coughing or sneezing
• paraesthesia or neuropathic pain - especially involving hands
• progressive weakness of the lower limb(s) / weak in the knees with involvement of upper limbs too
• urinary incontinence or bowel incontinence
• sexual dysfunction
• scoliosis may be the only feature in children

• MRI scan spine