cytokines
cytokines
introduction
cytokines are small proteins released by cells which act through binding to cell wall receptors and affect the behaviour of other cells and perhaps the same cell which are particularly important in the immune response but generally excludes growth factors, hormones,
adipokines and adipose-derived hormones (produced by adipose tissue) and
autacoids
many cytokines appear to share similar functions
cytokines include:
chemokines - mediate chemotaxis
-
interleukins - mainly produced by T-helper cells
lymphokines - produced by lymphocytes
monokines - produced by monocytes
colony stimulating factors
TNF
the body produces a wide array of pyrogenic cytokines such as interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6), interferon, and tumour necrosis factor alpha and perhaps complement factor 5a and platelet-activating factor, are carried to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) in the blood
excessive cytokine release may produce a
cytokine storm with possible multi-organ failure and death as may occur in some people with infections such as
influenza
it is thought that viruses may stimulate cells to produce virokines that modulate the actions of cytokines, perhaps by blocking their action at cytokine receptors
the major anti-inflammatory cytokines include:
interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist
IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13
specific cytokine receptors for IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-18 also function as proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors
cytokines.txt · Last modified: 2015/03/01 09:34 (external edit)