see also:

• microbiology
• clinically important bacteria
• antibiotics
• antifungal agents

• multicellular filaments or hyphae; aerobic;
• reproduce by:
  • spores:
    • sexual, small no's (eg.ascospores)
    • asexual, large no's (eg.conidia)
  • hyphal fragments;

• hyphae/arthrospores; keratinolytic enzymes;
• arthrospore arrangement on hair:
  • small spore ectothrix (around base of hair)
  • large spore ectothrix
  • endothrix (chains of spores inside hair shaft)
• Microsporum
  • canis (green fluorescence; small ecto.; cats/dogs)
    • ⇒ tin. capitis/corporis most common cause)
  • audouini (green fluorescence; small ecto.; rare; humans
    • ⇒ tin.capitis rarely;
• Trichophyton
  • rubrum
    • ⇒ all forms tinea except capitis;
  • tonsurans (endo.; human)
    • ⇒ tin. capitis;
  • verrucosum (large spored ecto.; cattle)
    • ⇒ tin. barbae/corporis;
• Epidermophyton
  • floccosum
    • ⇒ tin. corporis/pedis/cruris;
• Pityrosporum (Malassezia) (yeast-like)

• aspergillus
• Histoplasma
• Coccidiodes

• round/oval, unicellular, but sometimes form filaments as well;
• reproduce vegetatively by budding → blastospores;
• facultative anaerobes; form bacteria-like colonies on agar;
• may be Gram stained;
• candida fungal infection / thrush (budding; pseudohyphae)
• Torulopsis
• Cryptococcus (budding; v.large slimy polysacc.capsules; no hyphae)