see also:

• hip pain
• groin pain
• the limping child
• rheumatology

• referred pain from the hip - see hip pain
  • eg. slipped upper femoral epiphyses (aged 9-15yrs)
• osteomyelitis
• septic arthritis knee (uncommon)
• knee trauma - fractures femur/patella/tibia/fibula, dislocation patella/knee, muscle strain/tears, etc
• juvenile arthritis knee
• Osgood-Schlatter's disease
• patello-femoral pain syndromes - chondromalacia patellae
• bone tumours

• referred pain from the hip - see hip pain
• referred pain from spine
  • lumbar disc prolapse
• deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
• patello-femoral anterior knee pain
• arthritis knee
  • gout
  • pseudogout
  • septic arthritis
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
• bursitis
• iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)
  • pain on the lateral aspect knee esp. when knee flexed at 45deg
  • usually an overuse injury from either:
    • running downhill or on banked surfaces in particular, and higher risk are women with femoral anteversion or people with bowed legs
    • cyclists with incorrect toe-in posture
    • excessive squatting
• Baker's cyst +/- rupture
• knee trauma - fractures femur/patella/tibia/fibula, dislocation patella/knee, muscle strain/tears, etc
• degenerative meniscal disease
  • NB. no evidence of any benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy ¹⁾
• proximal myopathy:
  • statins
  • diabetic

• referred pain from the hip - see hip pain
• referred pain from spine
  • eg. lumbar disc prolapse
• deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
• arthritis knee
  • gout
  • pseudogout
  • septic arthritis
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
• bursitis
• Baker's cyst +/- rupture
• knee trauma - fractures femur/patella/tibia/fibula, dislocation patella/knee, muscle strain/tears, etc
• degenerative meniscal disease
• proximal myopathy / myositis / muscle aches and pains:
  • statins
  • diabetic
• tumours
• multiple myeloma
• popliteal artery aneurysm