see also:

• sepsis / septicaemia
• Anaphylaxis
• blood loss:
  • trauma
  • upper GIT bleeding
  • lower GIT bleeding
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • PV bleeding in late pregnancy - abruption, placenta praevia, etc
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
  • thoracic aortic aneurysm
  • retroperitoneal bleeding
  • post-partum / puerperial complications eg. paravaginal or supravaginal haematoma
• dehydration
• heat illness and heat stroke
• cardiogenic shock
  • return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) post-arrest
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • air embolism
  • pulmonary embolism
  • cardiac tamponade
  • aortic dissection
• with bradycardia
  • impaired cardiac output due to the bradycardia
  • cervical shock in miscarriage
  • cyanide poisoning