is a picornavirus that is resistant to many environmental factors (eg, temperature, certain chemicals) and is mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and accounts for a third of all new cases of acute viral hepatitis in USA.
belongs to the hepadna viruses. Hepatitis B virus is responsible for almost half of the cases of acute viral hepatitis cases reported in the United States. Highest rate of acute infection in USA occurred in patients aged 25-44 years in 2006.
a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that is the most frequent cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide. It causes 20% of acute viral hepatitis cases in USA.
characterized in 1996, is associated with acute and chronic liver disease, but studies have not clearly implicated hepatitis G virus as an etiologic agent of hepatitis. It is transmitted through blood and blood products.
severe, non A-E hepatitis
usually occurs mainly in children under 5yrs and pathogen is yet to be isolated
Victoria usually has 5-6 cases per year with 1-2 needing a transplant
in 2022, an outbreak initially in Europe of childhood hepatitis seems to be spreading globally and ~10% need transplants
other viral infections may cause mild hepatitis such as:
infectious mononucleosis
cmv
drug-induced hepatotoxicity:
more than 900 drugs, toxins, and herbs have been reported to cause drug induced liver injury (DILI).
drugs account for 20-40% of all instances of fulminant hepatic failure
protein shakes containing green tea extracts have caused acute fulminant liver failure
in China, drug-induced hepatotoxicity was the cause of 44% of cases of acute liver failure, and of drug-induced ALF, 38% due to traditional Chinese medicines, 27% due to paracetamol overdose, 14% due to antibiotics 1)