zoonoses
Table of Contents
zoonoses
see also:
introduction
- a zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans but is not dependent upon humans for their life cycle
- diseases like malaria, schistosomiasis, river blindness, and elephantiasis are not zoonotic, even though they may be transmitted by insects or use intermediate hosts vectors, because they depend on the human host for part of their life-cycle.
mosquito-borne infections
- Kunjin virus & Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE)
- various equine encephalitis viruses
- not in Australia:
- Semliki Forest virus - Uganda; enters CSF via binding to the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR) on host cells
- many others
other arthropod borne
-
- scrub typhus
- cutaneous Leishmaniasis (sandfly bites)
abbatoir workers
via ingesting contaminated food/water
- Caliciviridae
- parasites including hydatids (Echinococcosis) and worms
via eating infected animal products
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (mad cow disease)
- parasites including hydatids and worms
via scratches or bites from animals
- cat scratch disease
direct spread from animals
- Tinea canis
- Cryptosporidiosis
- HUS - E. coli O157:H7 - outbreaks often start with children at petting zoos
via aerosol from birds or flying foxes
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Ornithosis (psittacosis)
- hanipavirus
- Hendra virus from flying foxes (?aerosol spread from urine as it generally infects lungs)
- Hendra hanipavirus, discovered in Queensland in 1994
unknown mechanism
- Langya henipavirus (LayV)
- predominantly detected in shrews, small mole-like mammals
- first human infection identified dates back to 2018
- in mid-2022 had been detected in 35 people in eastern China causing fever, cough, myalgia, headaches and vomiting
from reptiles or amphibians
- risks are greatest for children under 5yrs, elderly, immunocompromised
- Salmonella
- Mycobacterium esp. Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae.
- may cause “fish tank granulomas” which appear as skin ulcers or nodules usually on the hands
- immunosuppressed persons can develop lymphadenitis & pulmonary disease similar to tuberculosis or more severe disseminated disease.
- via abraded skin, wounds, accidental ingestion faeces, contaminated water or other materials, which may cause wound infections or gastroenteritis (and sepsis in the immunocompromised):
- Campylobacter
- Aeromonas
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella
- Serratia
- Flavobacterium meningosepticum
- Clostridium botulinum (may cause botulism esp. in young children or immunocompromised)
- parasites such as trichinella
zoonoses.txt · Last modified: 2025/01/13 19:45 by gary1