see also:

• phthalates
• Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including PFOA, PFOS, GenX, Teflon
• foods that may be toxic or bad for you
• endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

• these are commonly used chemicals
• BPA and similar are used in the lining of some food and beverage packaging to protect food from contamination and extend shelf life
• BPA is now removed from many plastics but “BPA-free” may just mean they have been substituted with inadequately researched substances - often another BPA-like one

• Bisphenol A (BPA)

• fetal effects
  • the combination of BPA and retinoic acid (RA) appears to trigger abnormal brain and facial development by overstimulating RA-responsive genes, particularly a group known as HOX genes ¹⁾
• endocrine disruption
  • see endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
  • concerns have been raised that some BPA substitutes may also cause adverse effects such as on the ovary²⁾