see also:

• bone physiology
• osteoporosis
• osteomalacia
• calcification
• diffuse osteosclerosis:
  • hypervitaminosis D
  • hypoparathyroidism
  • Paget's disease of the bone - rare under 40 years age
  • myelofibrosis
  • sickle cell disease
  • leukaemia
  • flouride, lead or beryllium toxicity
  • genetic mutations affecting molecules which regulate skeletal bone mass such as Slc37a2
  • osteopetrosis (Marble bone disease) - extremely rare
• multiple myeloma (eg. pepper pot skull) - rare under 40 years age
• Osteitis fibrosa cystica - hypercalcaemia, raised AP, hyperparathyroidism
• fibrous dysplasia - rare
• osteoblastic bone metastases
  • breast cancer
  • prostate cancer
• osteolytic bone metastases
  • neoplasia / cancer / tumours

• pagets
• rickets
• syphilis
• yaws
• Albright's polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

• hyperparathyroidism
• myelomatosis
• metastatic deposits esp. neuroblastoma
• leukaemia
• sickle cell anaemia
• Histiocytosis X esp. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
• sarcoidosis
• congenital cranial lacunae

• pagets
• rickets
• achondroplasia
• congenital hydrocephalus
• Gorlin's basal cell naevi syndrome